The bones of the lower limb include the pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, and bones of the foot. In mbbs first year, anatomy comes as one of the subjects. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femur its attachments, bony landmarks and clinical correlations. Because the femur is so strong, it usually takes a lot of force to break it. Most land mammals capable of jumping also have femur bones, also lizards, frogs, and other tetrapod vertebrates. Learn anatomy femur bone with free interactive flashcards.
In humans the neck of the femur connects the shaft and head at a 125 degree angle, which is efficient for walking. Ontogenetic patterning of cortical bone microstructure and geometry at the human midshaft femur h. Long bones typically longer than they are wide such as humerus, radius, tibia, femur, they comprise a diaphysis shaft and epiphyses at the distal and proximal ends, joining at the metaphysis. Short video describing the skeletal structures of the femur structural markings identified. The femoral head and the acetabulum of the hip bone. Extreme forces also act upon the femur thanks to the strength of the muscles of the hip and thigh that act on the femur to move the leg. Together, they form the acetabulum, which is the area where the head of the femur articulates with. The main function of the hip joint is to support the body weight in both standing and running or walking. Proximal third closer to the head or cranial end of the body middle third 5.
The femur, or thigh bone, is the proximal bone of the hindlimb in tetrapod vertebrates for. The femur consists of a shaft body and superior or proximal and inferior or distal end 3. Distal femur end on view medial condyle lateral condyle anterior posterior the lateral condyle projects further anteriorly than the medial condyle. The femur is the only bone in the thigh and the longest bone in the body. Bd chaurasia anatomy pdf book downloads with direct links and overview. Femur the femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body.
Clement4 1neurobiology and anatomy, drexel university college of medicine, philadelphia, pennsylvania 2department of anthropology, center for the advanced study of hominid. Pelvic girdle the pelvic girdle contains the hip bone and the sacrum. The main function of the femur is to transmit forces from the tibia to the hip joint. Breaking your femur can make daily tasks more difficult because its one. The average adult human femur is 48 cm 19 inches in length and 2. All of the bodys weight is supported by the femurs during many activities, such as running, jumping, walking, and standing. The femur os femoris extends from the hip to the knee and is the longest and strongest bone in the body. The femur bone is the strongest and longest bone in the body, occupying the space of the lower limb, between the hip and knee joints. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The femur is the longest and largest bone, and one of the strongest bones in the body, along with the temporal bone of the skull.
Its length varies from onefourth to onethird of that of the body. Find femur bone stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. The angle between the neck and shaft, also known as the. Examples of long bones include the humerus, radius, femur, tibia, metacarpals, and metatarsals. The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the entire human body. Forming the midportion of the femur is a long cylindrical shaft, which arches or curves anteriorly. Long bones are characterized by an elongated shaft and somewhat enlarged extremities that bear articular surfaces.
Ten of the twelve pair of ribs attach to cartilages, the costal cartilages, which attach to the sternum. The head forms a ballandsocket joint with the hip at the acetabulum, being held in place by a ligament within the socket and by strong surrounding ligaments. Choose from 500 different sets of anatomy femur bone flashcards on quizlet. The femur thigh is the largest and strongest of these bones. Superior proximal end its proximal end is characterized by head neck, two large projections the greater and lesser trochanters on the upper. At the proximal end, the pyramidshaped neck attaches the spherical head at the apex and the cylindrical shaft at the base. In humans the neck of the femur connects the shaft and head at a. Linear and angular measurements were made on thirtytwo cadaveric femora with respect to the mechanical functional axes of the bone.
A break in this bone can only result from a large amount of force, such as a car accident or a fall from. You may have had surgery called an open reduction internal fixation. It is both the longest and the strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. Its easy to look at these and think of bones as dry, dead sticks in your body, but this couldnt be further from the truth. Femur anatomy is so unique that it makes the bone suitable for supporting the numerous muscular and ligamentous attachments within this region, in addition to maximally extending the limb during ambulation.
The leg is specifically the region between the knee joint and the ankle joint. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, femur statpearls ncbi. An estimated 6% of all fractures of the femur account for the distal part of the bone 22, 32. There are many books for anatomy one can read, but bd chaurasia is still considered the best book of anatomy. Distal femur lecture orthopaedic trauma association.
Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area, united states, 20052008. As already noted, the hip bone contains the ilium, ischium, and pubis see chapter 4. The thigh is that portion of the lower limb located between the hip joint and knee joint. In this surgery, your surgeon will make a cut to the skin to align your broken bone. It articulates superiorly with the hip bone at the hip joint, and inferiorly with the tibia at the knee joint. In growing bone, this is the site where growth occurs and. Bones of lower limbs including bones of pelvic girdle hip bones and lower limb. Many agree that it is also the strongest the jaw bone being the other contender. Bone basics and bone anatomy have you ever seen fossil remains of dinosaur and ancient human bones in textbooks, television, or in person at a museum. Anatomy distal femur femur transitions from cylinder to condyles medial condyle extends further inferior cancellous bone trapezoidal shape what this means for fixation avoid notch and concomitant injury to cruciate ligaments avoid penetration of medial cortex with anterior screws x x deforming forces quadriceps. Head neck greater trochanter lesser trochanter intertrochanteric crest intertrochanteric line gluteal.
The occurrence of the third trochanter and its correlation to certain anthropometric parameters of the human femur pdf. Your thighbone femur is the longest and strongest bone in your body. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. The long, straight part of the femur is called the femoral shaft. Bd chaurasia human anatomy pdf free download all volumes.
Ontogenetic patterning of cortical bone microstructure and. Bone matrix and cells bone matrix osseous tissue is a connective tissue and like all connective tissues contains relatively few cells and large amounts of extracellular matrix. Pelvis hip bone and femur human anatomy kenhub youtube. The femur is classed as a long bone, only bone in the thigh, and the longest bone in the body. These are the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. Pdf linear and angular measurements were made on thirtytwo cadaveric femora with respect to the mechanical functional axes of the bone. Ziser, lecture notes, 2005 8 lower leg consists of two bones.
Including bones of pelvic girdle hip bones and lower limb. Proximal third closer to the head or cranial end of the body 4. The ball of the hip joint is comprised of the head of the femur or thigh bone as it is more commonly known, whilst the concavity of the socket is created by the acetabulum, which is a cuplike depression within the pelvic bone. The femur, your thigh bone, is the largest and strongest bone in your body. Le motor exam sciatic lat fem cut sensory only femoral obturator. The femur is the only bone located within the human thigh. Smoothed mean total proximal femur bone mineral density of persons aged 8. At the proximal end, the pyramidshaped neck attaches the spherical. An interactive quiz covering anterior markings of femur bone through multiplechoice questions and featuring the iconic gbs illustrations. In a small anatomical study it was shown that the epiphyseal line passes directly through the quadrate. In the erect posture it is not vertical, being separated above from its fellow by a considerable interval, which corresponds to the breadth of the pelvis, but inclining gradually downward and medialward, so as to approach its fellow toward its lower part.
The head of the femur is a hemispherical surface that fits into the acetabulum of the innominate. Like the upper limb, the lower limb is divided into three regions. Lower extremity anatomy for blocks regionalaps rotations slides by randall j. Radiographic study on the anatomical characteristics of the. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and kneecap forming. There are also 2 prominent bony protrusions, the greater trochanter and lesser trochanter, that attach to muscles that move the hip and knee. The human femur can resist forces of 1,800 to 2,500 pounds, so it is not easily fractured. Femur shaft fractures broken thighbone orthoinfo aaos. The head is supported by the neck, which projects obliquely from the proximal end of the femur. Remember that the hip bone is formed by the fusion of 3 bones.
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